Facing labor shortage, feds encourage farmers to hire foreign workers already in the U.S.

The H-2A program for temporary foreign farm workers brings in more than 240,000 workers annually. Ninety percent of them come from Mexico, according to a University of California Davis analysis of DOL data. Other major origin countries include South Africa, Jamaica, and Peru. Nearly all American embassies and consulates in the above countries have suspended visa processing due to Covid-19 concerns. (The American Farm Bureau told the Food and Reporting Network that one major consulate in Mexico would remain open.)

The shutdowns have raised serious concerns among American farmers, who rely heavily on the H-2A visa program in March and April, known as planting season and one of the most labor-intensive periods of the year.

“If someone were to ask me, “What would be the absolute most disastrous time for something like this to happen?’ It would be exactly when it did happen,” says Joel Anderson, an immigration attorney and executive director of Snake River Farmers Association, an organization that helps farmers in Idaho connect with H-2A workers.

The association files 800 H-2A applications every year. 522 of them—or 65 percent—are for workers who arrive between March 1 and April 15, Anderson tells me.

In this past week, USDA has announced a number of efforts to stave off a labor shortage. For example, workers are typically required to go through an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate as part of the H-2A application process. On Tuesday, USDA and the Department of State announced it would waive the interview step of the process for all returning workers.

Michael Marsh, president of the National Council of Agricultural Employers, a trade group that represents farmers and farm managers, applauded the move. He suggests that farmers affected by the consulate shutdowns, such as those waiting on new H-2A workers, could benefit from hiring those already in the U.S. instead.

“Every one of those workers is very important to the agricultural economy,” he says. “Because once you’re down one worker on an operation, you know, that means it’s so food is not going to be harvested.”

Farmers have expressed concerns about labor shortages even before Covid-19 hit, from California vineyards to apricot farms in Idaho. The ongoing pandemic will likely exacerbate those issues, though eaters down the food chain might not feel the impacts of it until later on.

“We’re probably all in the same boat,” says Manuel Fick, CEO of USA Farm Labor, an H-2A contractor, referring to the coronavirus crisis. “The big thing is this boat has a long term implication: If there isn’t a crop in the ground, I don’t know what you will eat next year.”